HAYNES® 230® alloy for Expansion Bellows Tech Brief
High Performance High-Temperature Expansion Bellows
High-temperature expansion bellows are key components in many different industrial operations. In the chemical and power industries; in metallurgical and mineral process facilities; and in waste incineration plants, selection of the materials of construction for expansion bellows can be of critical importance to long-term, cost effective performance.
HAYNES® 230® alloy combines the best in high-temperature strength, thermal stability, environment-resistance and fabricability of any commercial nickel-base alloy. With nearly the same design strength of HAYNES® 625 alloy and none of alloy 625’s embrittlement problems, 230 alloy is a top choice for high-temperature bellows applications. Its lower thermal expansion characteristics can be a big plus as well.
Product Description
HAYNES® 230® alloy is a top-of-the-line high-performance, industrial heat resistant alloy for applications demanding high strength as well as resistance to environment. It is a substantial upgrade in performance capabilities from common iron-nickel-chromium and nickel-chromium alloys, and displays the best combination of strength, stability, environment resistance, and fabricability of any commercial nickel-base alloy.
230® alloy can be utilized at temperatures as high as 2100°F (1150°C) for continuous service. Its resistance to oxidation, combustion environments and nitriding recommends it highly for applications such as nitric acid catalyst grids, high-temperature bellows, industrial furnace fixtures and hardware, strand annealing tubes, thermocouple protection tubes, and many more.
230® alloy is covered by ASME Section VIII, Division I, and ASME Section I, Code Case 2063, both up to 1650°F (900°C). 230 alloy is also covered by a number of ASTM and AMS specifications.
Nominal Composition
Nickel | Balance |
Cobalt | 5 max. |
Chromium | 22 |
Molybdenum | 2 |
Tungsten | 14 |
Iron | 3 max. |
Silicon | 0.4 |
Manganese | 0.5 |
Carbon | 0.10 |
Aluminum | 0.3 |
Boron | 0.015 max. |
Lanthanum | 0.02 |
Typical Tensile Properties Solution Annealed, Plate
Test Temperature | 0.2% Yield Strength | Ultimate Tensile Strength | Elongation 2 in. (51 mm) | |||
°F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | % |
RT | RT | 57 | 395 | 125 | 860 | 50 |
1000 | 540 | 40 | 275 | 103 | 705 | 53 |
1200 | 650 | 40 | 275 | 98 | 675 | 55 |
1400 | 760 | 42 | 275 | 88 | 605 | 53 |
1600 | 870 | 37 | 255 | 63 | 435 | 65 |
1800 | 980 | 21 | 145 | 35 | 240 | 83 |
2000 | 1095 | 11 | 76 | 20 | 140 | 83 |
2100 | 1150 | 7 | 47 | 13 | 91 | 106 |
2200 | 1205 | 4 | 30 | 9 | 65 | 109 |
Typical Rupture Properties, Plate
Test Temperature | Typical Rupture Properties: Stress Required to Produce Rupture in Hours Shown | ||||||
100 h | 1,000 h | 10,000 h | |||||
°F | °C | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa |
1200 | 650 | 56.0 | 385 | 42.5 | 295 | 29.0 | 200 |
1400 | 760 | 27.0 | 185 | 20.0 | 140 | 14.2 | 98 |
1600 | 870 | 13.7 | 95 | 9.5 | 66 | 6.2 | 43 |
1800 | 980 | 6.0 | 41 | 3.0 | 21 | 1.6 | 11 |
1900 | 1040 | 3.5 | 24 | 1.8 | 12 | – | – |
2000 | 1095 | 2.1 | 14 | 1.0 | 7 | – | – |
2100 | 1150 | 1.2 | 8 | 0.6 | 4 | – | – |
Typical Room Temperature Physical Properties
Physical Property | British Units | Metric Units |
Density |
0.324 lb/in3 |
8.97 g/cm3 |
Electrical Resistivity | 49.2 µohm-in | 125 µohm-cm |
Modulus of Elasticity |
30.6 x 106 psi |
211 GPA |
Thermal Conductivity |
62 Btu-in/ft2-h-°F |
8.9 W/m-°C |
Specific Heat | 0.095 Btu/lb-°F | 397 J/Kg-°C |
Environmental Resistance
Oxidation in Air – Excellent at 2100°F (1095°C) Nitriding – Best Commercial alloy
Sulfidation – Equal to X alloy Chlorination – Equal to 625 alloy
Carburization – Equal to X alloy Hydrogen Embrittlement – Excellent