The history of Haynes International, Inc. is one of innovation and continuous improvements in the processing and development of high performance alloys. The company was started in 1912 in Kokomo, Indiana as the Haynes Stellite Works. Its principal product was cobalt-chromium-tungsten metal-cutting tools, the invention of Elwood Haynes, who is also generally credited with having produced one of the first gasoline-powered automobiles in the United States. His tiny auto is now on exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. D.C. |
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Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation bought Haynes Stellite Works in 1920 and infused it with even more technology in order to diversify away from tool metals, which were the sole products. One of the first developments, under the aegis of Union Carbide, was the nickel-base HASTELLOY® B alloy. The trademark HASTELLOY® was coined from HAYNES STELLITE alloys, and remains one of the Company's important trademarks today. Fifty-six years later, HASTELLOY® B alloy was used for rocket nozzles on the Viking I and 11 vehicles which landed on the planet Mars. |
| HASTELLOY® C alloy soon followed B alloy and gained rapid acceptance in the chemical process industry. In addition to playing major roles in the petrochemical industry it was invaluable in nuclear energy and pharmaceuticals. One of the most spectacular applications was for the skirts of the huge F-1 and H-1 rocket nozzles which lifted Apollo vehicles off to the moon. |
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HASTELLOY® alloys were so successful, because of their extraordinary high temperature resistance, that the company built a rolling mill to produce wrought products to handle the increased demand. Shortly afterwards, the development of HASTELLOY® X alloy was the start of one of the most spectacular success stories in the history of high-temperature superalloys. HASTELLOY® X alloy was timed exactly right for the age of jet aircraft and expanded exponentially. The best combination of high-temperature strength, oxidation resistance and fabricability of any alloy available to engine builders made HASTELLOY® X alloy the premier combustor alloy for many years to come. |
| Parallel improvements were being made with the corrosion-resistant alloys. One of the major roadblocks to expanding markets for HASTELLOY® alloys was the need for a solution heat-treatment after welding. Welding, a necessary step in the production of most equipment, drastically decreases corrosion resistance in the heat-affected-zone of weldments. HASTELLOY® C-276 alloy provided an answer to the dilemma. It was produced to such very low carbon and silicon levels that the heat-affected-zones of welds had corrosion resistance nearly as good as the base metal. C-276 alloy quickly became one of the leading products at Haynes. One of the tools for producing low-carbon, low-silicon alloys was a refining process known as the argon oxygen decarburization. Haynes was also a pioneer in the use of this valuable production tool for the production of nickel-based alloys. |
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In the 1960's, aircraft engine designers were asking for higher performance from heat-resistant alloys. To fill this need, Haynes went back to its original field of cobalt-base alloys and brought forward HAYNES® 188 alloy. By judiciously alloying with the rare earth, lanthanum, plus chromium, tungsten and nickel, the new alloy gave designers a 300°F (149°C) temperature advantage over anything then available. One of the results was the Pratt & Whitney F100 engine which powered the McDonnell Douglas F15 attack aircraft to unmatched speed and climbing records. |
| Developments in high-temperature alloys also continued and the present day successor to HASTELLOY® X alloy and HAYNES® 188 alloy is the HAYNES 230® alloy. This is a nickel- chromium-tungsten molybdenum alloy that combines high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance with excellent long-term thermal stability and good fabricability. |
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Ever seeking better and better products, the Haynes laboratories (Division of Cabot Corporation in the 70's to the mid 80's) introduced HASTELLOY® C-22® alloy. The composition was fine-tuned to the present combination of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten which, in most cases, provides significant improvements in corrosion resistance over previous versions. |
| In addition, improvements to the G-family of HASTELLOY® alloys lead to the development of HASTELLOY® G-30® alloy now in wide use in the agrichemical industry, nuclear processes, biopharmaceutical and many aggressive industrial services. |
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In 1987, Haynes International, Inc., became an independent company which is continuing the tradition of innovation and improvement in the processing and development of high performance alloys. In recent years Haynes International has introduced its new HASTELLOY B-3, C-2000, and D-205 alloys plus HAYNES 242, 556, 282, HR-120, and HR-160 alloys.
Beginning in 1967, with the introduction of HAYNES 188 alloy, the Company has won nine R&D 100 awards for alloy developments. This prestigious award is presented to the 100 top technical achievements, world wide, in all fields for a calendar year. The latest award, in 1991, was for ULTIMET® alloy which possesses an extraordinary combination of corrosion and wear resistance.
A total of eight CHEMICAL PROCESSING awards have been received for developments of value to the chemical industry. These awards were given for HASTELLOY B-2, C-276, C-22, C-2000, and D-205 alloys; HAYNES 214 and 230 alloys; and ULTIMET® alloy. |
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